Spanish Grammar Lesson and the Verbs Ser and Estar

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The Makes use of of Ser and Estar

If you want to know how to speak Spanish it is essential that you recognize this topicof Spanish grammar. Though the verbs ser and estar are equivalent to the verb to be in English qualidade, the meanings and uses for ser and estar vary greatly in Spanish. In an work to clarify the proper uses for these two verbs responsabilidade socioambiental, this lesson explains the utilizes for each verb, and how they differ.

Ser (to be)

Ahead of we clarify the different uses for ser, let's overview the conjugations for ser in the present and imperfect tenses.

Present Tense:

Yo soy (I am) nosotros somos (we are)

t eres (you are) ellos son (they are)

l es (he is) ellas son (they are)

ella es (she is) ustedes son (they are)

usted es (you are)

Imperfect Tense:

Yo era (I used to be, was) nosotros ramos (we used to be, had been)

t eras (you utilised to be, have been) ellos eran (they utilised to be, had been)

l era (he was) ellas eran (they utilised to be, were)

ella era (she used to be, had been) ustedes eran (you used to be, have been)

usted era (you utilised to be, have been)

Utilizes for Ser:

The most essential factor that should be understood about ser is that it embodies the aspect of the verb to be that it is definite, permanent, unchangeable, or inherent. Because of this, in Spanish ser is utilized to describe persons, professions, personality aspects, time, and nationalities.

Every specific use for ser is explained beneath:

a. To express a person, location, or thing's physical trait, character, nationality, profession, or inherent condition.

Physical traits of individuals and objects:

Jorge es alto. (Jorge is tall.)

Doris era flaca. (Doris was skinny.)

La madre de Juan es bonita. (Juanita's mother is fairly.)

La catedral es grande y vieja. (The cathedral is massive and old.)

Lima es una ciudad Peruana. (Lima is a Peruvian city.)

La manzana es roja. (The apple is red.)

Don Julio ya no es joven. Es anciano.

(Mr. Julio is no longer young. He is a senior citizen.)

Nationality/Citizenship:

Yo soy Colombiana. (I am Colombian.)

Tomasina era Dominicana. (Tomasina was Dominican/was a Dominican citizen.)

l es hispano. (He is latino.)

Character traits:

Juan y Carla son inteligentes. (Juan and Carla are intelligent.)

Los muchachos eran tmidos. (The boys were timid.)

Mariana era humilde. (Mariana was humble.)

T eres honesta. (You are truthful.)

Professions:

Tulia es una doctora famosa. (Tulia is a renowned physician.)

Mi abuelo era alcalde. (My grandfather was mayor.)

Ellos son profesores. (They are professors.)

Somos choferes. (We are drivers.)

ramos choferes, pero ahora somos gerentes.

(We have been drivers, but now we are managers.)

b. Ser is also used to express possession or the origin of an item. With this certain use, the verb ser is typically followed by de (of).

For instance:

Este reloj es de Inglaterra. (This watch is from England.)

El cuaderno es de Raquel. (The notebook is Raquel's.)

La computadora de Roberto es de Alemania. (Roberto's computer is from Germany.)

c. Ser is usually utilised to express the time. For instance:

Qu hora es? (What time is it?)

Son las siete y cuarto. (It is seven fifteen.)

d. Ser is also used for common impersonal expressions in Spanish related to time.

For instance:

Es tarde. (It is late.)

Es temprano. (It is early.)

Es de noche. (It is evening.)

Estar (to be)

In Spanish, the verb estar is utilised to express what is far more temporary, and changeable compared to ser.

Let's overview the conjugations for estar in the present and imperfect tenses:

Present Tense:

Yo estoy (I am) nosotros estmos (we are)

t ests (you are) ellos estn (they are)

l est (he is) ellas estn (they are)

ella est (she is) ustedes estn (they are)

usted est (you are)

Imperfect Tense:

Yo estaba (I utilized to be, was) nosotros estbamos (we utilised to be, have been)

t estabas (you utilized to be, were) ellos estaban (they utilized to be, have been)

l estaba (he was) ellas estaban (they employed to be, have been)

ella estaba (she utilized to be, were) ustedes estaban (you employed to be, had been)

usted estaba (you used to be, had been)

Uses for Estar:

Compared to the permanence expressed in ser, estar is utilized to express conditions, elements, and traits that may modify at any time.

Every particular use for estar is explained under:

a. To express feelings or emotions for a certain moment.

Juan Carlos est feliz hoy. (Juan Carlos is happy these days.)

Yo estoy satisfecha con mi trabajo. (I am satisfied with my job.)

Marta estaba triste cuando habl con ella. (Marta was sad when I spoke with her.)

*It should be noted that in the above examples, the use of estar stresses the temporal nature of the emotions described. Nevertheless, if one wants to describe a person's nature as becoming content, or sad, the verb ser is then employed because it reflects a more permanent personality trait.

For example, the above example could change from:

Juan Carlos est feliz hoy. (Juan Carlos is happy these days.)

to:

Juan Carlos es una persona feliz. (Juan Carlos is a content particular person.)

b. To express a short-term or accidental aspect of a particular person, location, or factor that can modify.

This consists of one's state of health.

El caf est frio. (The coffee is cold.)

Marcos est en el parque. (Marcos is in the park.)

Mi cuaderno est en la escuela. (My notebook is at school.)

Milagros est enferma. (Milagros is sick.)

Cmo est usted? (How are you?)

c. To express location.

Dnde est el museo? (Exactly where is the museum?)

El museo est en la Calle Federal. (The museum is on Federal Street.)

Dnde est el banco? (Where is the bank?)

El banco est lejos de aqu. (The bank is far from right here.)

Now that we have examined the different utilizes for ser and estar, let's try a handful of workouts.

Translate the following into Spanish. The answers follow the exercising.

1. Pablo is intelligent.

2. The water is hot.

3. Exactly where are the kids?

4. We had been excellent students.

five. It is twelve noon.

6. We are really happy nowadays.

7. They are Mexican.

eight. They are in Mexico.

9. She is in the hospital.

ten. The hospital is in San Diego.

1. Pablo es inteligente.

two. El agua est caliente.

three. Dnde estn los nios?

4. ramos estudiantes buenos.

5. Son las doce del medio da.

six. Estamos contentos hoy.

7. Ellos son Mexicanos.

8. Ellos estn en Mxico.

9. Ella est en el hospital.

ten. El hospital est en San Diego.

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